{"id":11328,"date":"2021-03-08T03:44:11","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T03:44:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lavascular.com\/?p=11328"},"modified":"2021-03-12T23:24:08","modified_gmt":"2021-03-12T23:24:08","slug":"medically-important-bacteria-that-cannot-be-seen-in-the-gram-stain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lavascular.com\/medically-important-bacteria-that-cannot-be-seen-in-the-gram-stain\/","title":{"rendered":"Medically important bacteria that cannot be seen in the Gram stain"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Name<\/strong><\/td>\nReason<\/strong><\/td>\nAlternative Microscopic Approach<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mycobacteria<\/em><\/p>\n

(Ex. M. tuberculosis<\/em>)<\/td>\n

Too much lipid in cell wall so dye cannot penetrate<\/td>\nAcid-fast stain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Treponema pallidum<\/em><\/td>\nToo thin to see<\/td>\nDark-field microscopy or fluorescent antibody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/em><\/td>\nNo cell wall; very small<\/td>\nNone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Legionella pneumoniae<\/em><\/td>\nPoor uptake of red counterstain<\/td>\nProlong time of counterstain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chlamydiae<\/em><\/td>\nIntracellular; very small<\/td>\nLook for inclusion bodies in cytoplasm, but insensitive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rickettsiae<\/em><\/td>\nIntracellular; very small<\/td>\nGiemsa or other tissue stains<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

B. Cell shape:\u00a0 cocci (round), bacilli (rods), spiral-shaped (spirochetes), pleomorphic<\/p>\n

C. Cell arrangement:\u00a0 clusters, chains, pairs<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Determined by orientation and degree of attachment of the cells during<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    cell division.<\/p>\n

    D. Biotyping<\/p>\n

    1. Based on the presence or absence of specific biochemical markers, like:<\/p>\n

    a) ability to ferment specific sugars.<\/p>\n

    b) production of specific end products.<\/p>\n

    c) relationship to oxygen<\/p>\n

    E. Serotyping<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Based on detection of unique antigens using specific antibodies.<\/li>\n
    2. Advantages<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n