PE vs panic attack - how to tell the difference?

Pulmonary embolism (PE) and panic attacks can present with similar symptoms, making differentiation challenging. Both can cause sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. However, the underlying causes and clinical presentations differ. PE is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries, often due to blood clots from deep vein thrombosis. Clinicians typically look for risk factors such as recent surgery, prolonged immobility, or a history of clotting disorders. Chest pain with PE may be sharp and worsen with deep breaths, and there can be accompanying symptoms like coughing up blood or leg swelling.

Panic attacks, on the other hand, are intense episodes of fear accompanied by symptoms like palpitations, sweating, and a feeling of impending doom. These symptoms are usually transient and may be triggered by stress or anxiety. During evaluation, healthcare providers assess the pattern of symptoms, medical history, and risk factors to differentiate between the two. Diagnostic tests like D-dimer, CT pulmonary angiography, and electrocardiograms can further aid in distinguishing PE from other conditions. Anyone with concerns about chest pain or other symptoms should discuss their specific situation with their healthcare provider.