Conditions we cover

Pick a condition to see every treatment option, from medication and surgery to minimally invasive procedures, and the devices used for each.

Illustration of a catheter delivering embolic particles into uterine arteries supplying fibroids.

Women's & men's health Uterine Fibroids Treatments: UAE Also: Hysterectomy, Myomectomy, Hormonal and medical therapy

Adenomyosis

Women's & men's health Adenomyosis Treatments: UAE Also: Hysterectomy, Hormonal therapy, Pain medication

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Women's & men's health Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Treatments: PAE Also: Medications, TURP, Prostatic urethral lift

Medical illustration of a catheter treating small genicular arteries around an arthritic knee with embolic particles.

Spine, bone & joint Knee Osteoarthritis Treatments: GAE Also: Physical therapy and weight loss, Steroid or hyaluronic acid injections, Knee replacement surgery

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

Vein disease Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Treatments: Ovarian Vein Embolization Also: Hormonal suppression, Pain medication, Surgical vein ligation or hysterectomy

Illustration showing a catheter blocking the left gonadal vein to treat an enlarged scrotal varicocele.

Vein disease Varicocele Treatments: Varicocele Embolization Also: Surgical varicocelectomy, Observation and scrotal support

Varicose Veins

Vein disease Varicose Veins Treatments: EVTA · Cyanoacrylate Vein Closure (VenaSeal) Also: Compression stockings, Sclerotherapy, Ambulatory phlebectomy

Illustration of a catheter removing clot from deep femoral and iliac veins in the leg and pelvis.

Vein disease Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Treatments: DVT Mechanical Thrombectomy · CDT · Venous Stenting (Iliac and Central Veins) · IVC Filter Placement Also: Anticoagulation, Compression therapy

Illustration of a catheter entering through the groin vein to remove a clot in a pulmonary artery.

Vein disease Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Treatments: Pulmonary Embolism Thrombectomy · CDT · IVC Filter Placement · IVC Filter Retrieval Also: Anticoagulation, Systemic thrombolysis, Surgical pulmonary embolectomy

May-Thurner Syndrome

Vein disease May-Thurner Syndrome Treatments: Venous Stenting (Iliac and Central Veins) · DVT Mechanical Thrombectomy Also: Anticoagulation, Compression stockings

Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Syndrome

Vein disease Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Syndrome Treatments: Venous Stenting (Iliac and Central Veins) Also: Treating the underlying cancer, Anticoagulation for clot, Surgical bypass

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Artery disease & aneurysms Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Treatments: PTA · Peripheral Artery Stenting · Peripheral Atherectomy Also: Supervised exercise therapy, Medications, Surgical bypass

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

Artery disease & aneurysms Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Treatments: EVAR · Internal iliac embolization Also: Open surgical aneurysm repair, Ultrasound or CT surveillance of small aneurysms, Blood pressure control and smoking cessation

Illustration of a tunneled dialysis catheter from the right neck to the upper chest, ending in a central vein near the heart.

Kidney & dialysis Kidney Failure Needing Dialysis Access Treatments: Permcath · Vascath · Fistulogram with Angioplasty · Dialysis Graft and Fistula Thrombectomy Also: Surgical AV fistula creation, Surgical AV graft placement, Peritoneal dialysis

Illustration showing a PICC line entering an upper-arm vein and ending in the superior vena cava near the heart.

IV, dialysis & feeding access Long-Term IV Therapy (Chemotherapy, TPN, Antibiotics) Treatments: PICC · Port · Tunneled Central Line (Broviac or Hickman) Placement Also: Peripheral IV lines for short courses, Midline catheters for 1 to 4 weeks of therapy

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastases)

Cancer (interventional oncology) Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastases) Treatments: TACE · Y-90 · Liver Tumor Ablation (Microwave or Radiofrequency) · PVE Also: Surgical resection, Liver transplant, Systemic therapy

Kidney Cancer and Complex Renal Cysts

Cancer (interventional oncology) Kidney Cancer and Complex Renal Cysts Treatments: Kidney Tumor Ablation (Cryoablation or Microwave) · Image-Guided Needle Biopsy Also: Partial or radical nephrectomy, Active surveillance for small masses

Illustration of a TIPS stent connecting a portal vein to a hepatic vein inside the liver.

Liver & digestive Portal Hypertension (Varices and Ascites) Treatments: TIPS Also: Endoscopic banding or glue injection, Beta blockers, Liver transplant

Cross-section showing ultrasound-guided needle drainage of ascitic fluid from the lower abdomen.

Liver & digestive Refractory and Malignant Ascites Treatments: Paracentesis · Tunneled Peritoneal Catheter (PleurX) Placement · TIPS Also: Diuretics and salt restriction, Treating the underlying cause

Recurrent Pleural Effusion

Lung & chest Recurrent Pleural Effusion Treatments: Tunneled Pleural Catheter Placement Also: Thoracentesis, Pleurodesis, Treating the underlying cancer

Cutaway of kyphoplasty balloon and bone cement stabilizing a compressed vertebra through a posterior pedicle approach.

Spine, bone & joint Vertebral Compression Fracture Treatments: Kyphoplasty · Vertebroplasty Also: Pain medication and rest, Bracing, Osteoporosis treatment

Illustration of a nephrostomy catheter draining urine from a blocked kidney to an external bag.

Kidney & dialysis Kidney Blockage (Hydronephrosis) Treatments: PCN · PCNU Also: Cystoscopic ureteral stent, Treating the stone, stricture or tumor causing the blockage

Illustration of a catheter passing through the liver into a blocked bile duct to drain bile.

Liver & digestive Bile Duct Blockage (Biliary Obstruction) Treatments: PTBD Also: ERCP with stent placement, Surgical bypass

Illustration of a gallbladder drainage catheter entering through the right upper abdomen and curling inside the gallbladder.

Liver & digestive Acute Cholecystitis in High-Risk Patients Treatments: Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Also: Cholecystectomy, Antibiotics

Illustration of a catheter draining an abdominal or pelvic abscess through the skin into a collection bag.

Liver & digestive Abdominal and Pelvic Abscess Treatments: Image-Guided Abscess Drainage Also: Antibiotics, Surgical drainage

Illustration showing a gastrostomy tube passing through the abdominal wall into the stomach.

Liver & digestive Long-Term Tube Feeding Needs Treatments: G-tube · GJ-tube Also: Endoscopic, Surgical gastrostomy, Nasogastric tube

Illustration of a catheter removing a clot from a middle cerebral artery through femoral artery access.

Brain & neurovascular Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatments: Stroke Thrombectomy Also: IV thrombolysis, Stroke unit care and rehabilitation

Illustration of a catheter delivering coils into a brain aneurysm through an artery from the groin.

Brain & neurovascular Brain Aneurysm Treatments: Brain Aneurysm Coiling · Flow Diverter Placement for Brain Aneurysm · WEB Also: Surgical clipping, Observation of small unruptured aneurysms

Illustration of catheter embolization of the middle meningeal artery for chronic subdural hematoma.

Brain & neurovascular Chronic Subdural Hematoma Treatments: MMAE Also: Burr hole drainage, Craniotomy, Observation

Illustration of a catheter delivering embolic material into abnormal blood vessels of a brain AVM.

Brain & neurovascular Brain Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) Treatments: AVM Embolization Also: Microsurgical resection, Stereotactic radiosurgery

Illustration of a carotid stent opening a narrowed neck artery with embolic protection in place.

Artery disease & aneurysms Carotid Artery Stenosis Treatments: CAS Also: Carotid endarterectomy, Medical therapy

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Bleeding & trauma Gastrointestinal Bleeding Treatments: GI Bleed Embolization · GDA embolization Also: Endoscopic treatment, Blood transfusion, Surgery

Illustration of a catheter delivering embolic particles into a bleeding bronchial artery in the lung

Bleeding & trauma Hemoptysis (Coughing Up Blood) Treatments: BAE Also: Bronchoscopy, Surgical lung resection

Illustration of ultrasound-guided thrombin injection sealing a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in the groin.

Artery disease & aneurysms Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm Treatments: Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for Pseudoaneurysm · Aneurysm embolization Also: Ultrasound-guided compression, Surgical repair

Visceral Artery Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms

Artery disease & aneurysms Visceral Artery Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms Treatments: Aneurysm embolization Also: Surveillance imaging for small aneurysms, Covered stent placement, Open surgical repair or resection

Illustration of a catheter placing coils and a vascular plug in an internal iliac artery through femoral access.

Artery disease & aneurysms Iliac Artery Aneurysm Treatments: Internal iliac embolization · EVAR Also: Iliac branch endoprosthesis, Open surgical repair, Surveillance of small aneurysms

Pelvic Fracture Bleeding

Bleeding & trauma Pelvic Fracture Bleeding Treatments: Internal iliac embolization Also: Pelvic binder and resuscitation, Preperitoneal pelvic packing, External fixation of the pelvis

Illustration showing a catheter placed in the splenic artery to embolize bleeding after a spleen injury.

Bleeding & trauma Splenic Injury (Trauma) Treatments: Splenic embolization Also: Observation, Splenectomy, Splenorrhaphy

Frequently asked questions

Which conditions are covered here?

38 conditions treated by vascular, interventional radiology and neurointerventional specialists, including Uterine Fibroids, Adenomyosis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Knee Osteoarthritis, Pelvic Congestion Syndrome, Varicocele.

Are minimally invasive procedures the only treatment?

No. Each condition page lists the options we cover, including medication and surgery where they apply, alongside minimally invasive procedures.

How do I find my condition?

Type the condition or a symptom, such as leg swelling, into the search box, or filter by body area.

Is this medical advice?

No. These pages are for education. Talk with your doctor about your symptoms and treatment.