In an adult patient, what is the most likely diagnosis for a heterogeneous calcified mass located in the periphery of the frontal lobe, associated with calvarial erosion and minimal surrounding edema?

Oligodendroglioma. Key diagnostic features include calcification, often visible on CT, and a predilection for the frontal lobes. Clinically, these tumors may present with seizures or headaches. A common pitfall is confusing it with meningioma, which also causes calvarial changes but typically has more pronounced dural attachment and edema. Histological confirmation is essential for diagnosis.