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A. Observations of “acquired immunity” to diseases and primitive vaccination practices contributed to our understanding of the immune response to infectious agents and the design of passive and active immunization strategies. INTRODUCTION Routine immunization schedules…
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Relative sizes of microorganisms: Protozoa > Red Blood cell > Yeast > Bacteria > Mycoplasma > Viruses Fungi 1. David Gruby (1841-1845) identified yeast infections as the cause of thrush and fungi as the cause…
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Most microorganisms are not pathogenic for humans. Commensal microorganisms (mostly bacteria) make up the normal flora of the human body; they are generally harmless and actually protect the host from invasion by pathogenic microorganisms. They…
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Learning Objectives: You should be able to: describe the relative impact of infectious diseases on human health and morbidity, and the effects they can have on human behavior and society, political policy, and the economy.…
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Most common arterial bleeders arise from the anterior division internal iliac artery: superior gluteal, obturator, and internal pudendal artery.Embolize with whatever you have – coil, PVA, gelfoam. You always prefer to superselect the bleeder and…
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Type of images obtained in IR. Digital Subtraction Agiography (DSA), and spot fluoro, etc. 2. Phase of contrast injection depends on timing of imaging. phases are generally classified as arterial, delayed, venous, dynamic, portal venousphase…
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Laceration of a hepatic artery resulting in extravasation of contrast Angiogram and ultrasound of a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm The image represents a GDA (gastroduodenal) Pseudoaneurysm secondary to pancreatitis. CT and Angiography of a splenic artery aneurysm …
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∙ Note that most mediastinal widening which can be seen on X-ray in trauma is venous bleeding. AT PRESENTATION -approximately 90% of injuries occur at the isthmus. D/D = ductus diverticulum. and – 3% diaphragm –…
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https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/kdoqi_vasc-access-review2019_v2.pdf Page 115 CDC In these aforementioned guidelines, the diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) is obtained through a set of peripheral blood cultures compared with blood cultures obtained from (1) the arterial or venous…
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Lymph Nodes: What They Are, When to Worry, and How to Evaluate Them Overview of Lymph Node Structure and Function Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs that act as filters for lymphatic fluid. They…
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