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Definition: Granulomatous vasculitis of large arteries. Patient population: Mainly young women. F >> M 8:1, 90% age < 30 Symptoms: stroke, asymmetric blood pressures, pain Digital subtraction angiographic findings: Stenosis of the aorta | Great…
Read More →Definition: idiopathic proliferation of fibrous & muscular (fibromuscular!) tissue in medium & large arteries. This is not inflammatory and not atherosclerotic. FMD is the most common cause of Renal artery stenosis (RAS) in children. If…
Read More →Intimal Hyperplasia This is the common pathway following vascular injury (traumatic, iatrogenic, angioplasty, stent, etc.). After PTCA, this process usually occurs for 8-12 weeks and then stabilizes. Some patients are intima formers, leading to intimal…
Read More →Are bacteria generally more resistant to antibiotics when they grow in suspension or in a biofilm? Why? Draw and label a typical bacterial growth curve. Describe what is happening during each of the major phases. …
Read More →Bacterial metabolism results in products that are used for the synthesis of cellular constituents, like peptidoglycan, LPS, proteins, nucleic acids, etc.. You learned about the mechanisms of bacterial transcription of mRNA, DNA replication (including types…
Read More →Fermentation refers to the breakdown of a monosaccharide to pyruvic acid and then usually to lactic acid. It is also called the glycolytic cycle and is the process by which facultative bacteria produce ATP under…
Read More →The growth of most medically important organisms is enhanced by the presence of oxygen, which acts as the hydrogen acceptor in the final stages of energy production catalyzed by the flavoproteins and cytochromes of the…
Read More →Bacteria cannot reproduce without a source of energy and the building blocks of cellular constituents (e.g. amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids). Minimum requirements for growth are a source of carbon and nitrogen, an energy source, water…
Read More →Growth Cycle Bacteria reproduce by binary fission: one cell divides to form 2 progeny cells. This results in exponential (logarithmic) growth. 1. Number of cells 1 2 4 8 16 Exponential 20 21 22 23…
Read More →Learning Objectives: You should be able to: explain how bacteria reproduce and the potential effects of a short vs. a long generation time on the production of disease. describe the different forms of bacterial growth…
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